Neurology is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. Neurologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing, treating, and managing conditions that affect the nervous system.

The nervous system is a complex network that controls and coordinates body functions, including movement, sensation, speech, memory, and cognition. Neurological disorders can result from a wide range of causes, including genetics, infections, trauma, autoimmune diseases, and degenerative conditions.

Some common neurological disorders that neurologists treat include:

1. Stroke: A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, leading to damage to brain cells. Symptoms include sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, and severe headache.
2. Epilepsy: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain. Seizure symptoms can vary widely and may include loss of consciousness, convulsions, and sensory disturbances.
3. Multiple sclerosis (MS): MS is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing damage to the myelin sheath, a protective covering of nerve fibers. This can result in a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue, numbness or weakness in limbs, and difficulties with coordination and balance.
4. Alzheimer's disease: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia in older adults.